- Early Plants
- Probably evolved from algae
- Vascular Plants- internal tubes and vessels used to transport water and nutrients.
Ex: ferns, oak trees, roses
- 1 st w/o seeds (ex: ferns)
- Seeds and flowers eventually evolved
- seed- specialized structure that develops from the fertilized egg of plants, has a plant embryo inside a harsh shell.
- some have stickers, feathery wings.
- Nonvascular Plants- 1 st plants
- Use osmosis and diffusion to transport water & nutrients
- usually small
- anchored by rhizoids
ex: Moss
- Angiosperms- plants that have flowers
- Plant Characteristics
- Plants are multicellular, eukaryotes, w/cell walls, autotrophs.
- Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts
- Perform photosynthesis
- Plant tissues- groups of cells similar in structure and arranged to perform a specialized function.
- dermal tissue- outer layer
- xylem- transports water and minerals
- Phloem- transports sugars
- ground tissue- all the remaining cells
- Structure of Plants
- Leaves
- photosynthesis- process where sunlight is used to make food.
- Leaf Structures-
- blade- largest part
- veins- tubelike structures that carry water and nutrients
- petiole- short stalk attached to leaf
- simple vs. compound-
- simple- one blade
- compound- 2 or more small blades; can be either pinnate or palmate.
- pinnate are like feathers
- palmate all radiate from a central point
- Stems- support leaves and flowers, transport water and nutrients
- leaves attach themselves to stems at locations called nodes.
- Roots- portion below the soil
- root tip is where water and minerals are absorbed.
- Two common types of roots
- taproot- large central root with smaller side roots
- fibrous root- clump of threadlike roots.
- Flowers, Seeds & Fruits
- flower- reproductive organ of a flowering plant
- pollination- process of transporting pollen from male to female flower parts.
- Seed- reproductive structure consisting of plant embryo and its food
- fruit- house seeds and help move them to new places.
